-
1 because
[bɪ'kɔzˌ bɪ'kəz]cjпотому что, так какI was late because the trains were not running. — Я опоздал потому, что не ходили поезда.
We stayed at home because it rained (was late). — Мы остались дома, так как шёл дождь (было поздно).
I do it because I like it. — Я это делаю, потому что мне это нравится.
CHOICE OF WORDS:(1.) Союз because вводит придаточное предложение причины, обычно следующее за главным: I couldn't come because I was very busy. Я не мог прийти, так как был очень занят. Однако придаточное предложение может предшествовать и главгому предложению; тогда логический акцент падает на причину, а не на следствие, выражаемое главным предложением: Because I was so awfully busy, I had to postpose the meeting. Я был так безумно занят, что пришлось отложить встречу. /Поскольку я был чрезвычайно занят, я вынужден был отложить всиречу. (2.) Причинная связь между членами предложения или между предложениями может быть выражена, кроме союза because другими близкими причинными союзами, предлогами и словосочетаниями: as - так как, since - поскольку, that's why, therefore - поэтому, thanks to - благодаря тому, что, on account of, owing to, due to (due to the fact that) - из-за того, что, through, from, because of - из-за, seeing that - видя, что, учитывая, принимая во внимание: Since/as I couldn't wait any longer, I left him a note. Поскольку я не мог больше ждать, я оставил ему записку. We had to stay inside on account of the rain. Нам пришлось остаться в помещении из-за дождя. His failure was due to his lack of experience. Он потерпел неудачу из-за недостатка опыта/по неопытности. We lost that game through poor teamwork. Мы проиграли эту игру из-за не сыгранности команды. Since you refuse to cooperate, I'll be forced to take legal advice/seeing that you refuse to cooperate, I'll be forced to take legal advice. Так как/видя/убедившись, что вы отказались от сотрудничества, я вынужден посоветоваться с юристом. (3.) Because of, в отличие от because, предлог и используется перед существительным и местоимением: She was late because of the traffic. Она опоздала из-за транспорта. ср. She was late because she got into a traffic jam. Она опоздала, так как попала в транспортную пробку. I said nothing because of the children being there. Я ничего не сказал ввиду присутствия детей. (4.) Придаточное причины может быть усилено наречиями especially и particularly. В этих случаях, независимо от союза, которым вводится придаточное причины, оно стоит после главного: It was nice to have someone to talk to, particularly as/since because I was going to stay there all night. Приятно, что было с кем поговорить, особенно потому, что мне предстояло пробыть там всю ночь. (5.) Если придаточное предложение, вводимое since, as, because стоит перед главным, то это придаточное отделяется запятой (,): Since/as he had no time, he couldn't meet us. Если же придаточное причины стоит после главного, то запятая не употребляется: He couldn't meet us because/as he was very busy. (6.) Союзы as, because, since, for и сочетание seeing that служат обоснованию причины действия или ситуации. Because, обычно, используется тогда, когда причина является наиболее важной частью фразы и придаточное предложение, вводимое because чаще стоит в конце, после главного. As, since и seeing that применяются тогда, когда причина уже хорошо известна или когда объяснение причины менее важно, чем остальная часть высказывания. Придаточные, вводимые as, since, seeing that могут стоять в начале или в конце предложения: He couldn't come to see us off as he was very busy. или As he was very busy he couldn't come to see us off. Эти слова не употребляются в вопросах относительно причины чего-то (например, нельзя сказать *Did he lose his job since he was always late?). В этих случаях употребляется причинное because: Did he lose his job because he was always late? Он потерял работу из-за постоянных опозданий? For предполагает, что причина несущественна и вводимое им предложение могло бы быть заключено, как второстепенное, в скобки. Как правило, придаточное, вводимое for стоит в конце, после главного: I decided to stop and have lunch for I was very hungry. Я решил остановиться и перекусить, так как был очень голоден. She doesn't go out much now for she is very old. Она мало куда сейчас ходит - она уже стара/так как она стара. For чаще используется в письменной или более официальной устной речи. (7.) Причинные сочетания on account of, owing to, due to используются в функции предлогов с последующим существительным или местоимением. Эти сочетания чаще употребляются в письменной, более официальной речи: His illness was due to food. Его заболевание было вызвано плохой пищей. We were late owing to the snow. Мы опоздали из-за снегопада. All our water was boiled on account of the danger of typhoid fever. Всю воду мы кипятили из-за опасности заболеть тифом. That's why и therefore - поэтому, вот почему - называют причину, явившуюся следствием чего-либо. Therefore используется чаще в письменной и официальной речи, that's why - в разговорной: I don't know much about China, therefore I can't advise you about it. Я мало знаю о Китае и потому не могу консультировать по этой стране -
2 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) da; eftersom* * *(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) da; eftersom -
3 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) já que* * *in as much asporquanto, visto como. -
4 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) ya que, teniendo en cuenta que -
5 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) þar eð -
6 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) amennyiben -
7 inasmuch as, in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.)...-den dolayı, olduğu için -
8 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) glede na -
9 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) koska -
10 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) ettersom, fordi, siden -
11 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) visto che -
12 in as much as
-
13 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) skoro -
14 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) tā kā -
15 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) kadangi -
16 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) având în vedere că -
17 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) εφόσον -
18 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) vzhledem k tomu, že -
19 in as much as
(because; in consideration of the fact that: It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.) vzhľadom na to, že -
20 in as much as
because; in consideration of the fact that:نظرا إلى أن، بما أن، حَيْثُ أنIt would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us.
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